Dietary mannan-oligosaccharides and their effect on chicken caecal microflora in relation to Salmonella Enteritidis colonization.

This study first investigates the effects of mash diet, or mash supplemented with either 2.5% mannose-oligosaccharide (MOS) or palm kernel meal (PKM), on the microflora of the hen caecal contents. Second, it investigates the effect of caecal contents of hens (HCC) fed mash or mash supplemented with MOS or PKM on the major microflora groups of chicks, and their inhibitory effect on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (PT4) colonization. Finally, this study investigates the effect over time of diets supplemented with MOS or PKM on S. Enteritidis colonization and the microflora of chicks. In hens, supplemented diets increased Bifidobacterium spp., while decreasing members of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp., compared with the mash diet. Chicks dosed with the HCC showed, on average, increased numbers of anaerobes, while the numbers of aerobes decreased including coliforms and S. Enteritidis compared with controls without HCC. In chicks fed the MOS-supplemented or PKM-supplemented diets, S. Enteritidis colonization decreased over time, compared with mash alone. Four-week-old PKM birds showed an increase in Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., with a decrease in S. Enteritidis compared with week 2. Generally, the HCC and diets supplemented with MOS or PKM affected the birds intestinal microflora by increasing the Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., while decreasing the Enterobacteriaceae groups. They also reduced susceptibility in young chickens to colonization by S. Enteritidis.

Evaluation of the effect of mannan-oligosaccharides on the competitive exclusion of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chicks.

This study evaluated the protection against colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in the chick's caecum when dosed with caecal contents from hens fed dietary carbohydrates based on mannose. Protection was investigated by comparing the effects of four suspensions of hen caecal contents (HCC) fed diets supplemented with 2.5% D -mannose (MAN-HCC), 2.5% mannoseoligosaccharide (MOS-HCC), 2.5% palm kernel meal (PKM-HCC) or unsupplemented mash (MashHCC). Four trials to quantify and compare their effectiveness, showed that chicks were better protected when given MOS-HCC or PKM-HCC combined with diets supplemented with the same oligosaccharide given to the hens. Protection remained with the caecal contents diluted up to 106-fold but was reduced or lost at higher dilutions, with better protection produced by the addition of carbohydrates to the diet. In conclusion, this study showed that HCC from hens fed diets supplemented with MOS or PKM were more effective against S. Enteritidis colonization in chicks than the HCC from hens fed unsupplemented mash.

Utilization of fermented flocculated poultry sludge as a feed constituent for pigs.

Flocculated poultry sludge was mixed with 3% molasses and was flow-therm pasteurized for 5 min at a core temperature of 95 C. The sludge was subsequently cooled to between 20 and 25 C and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum as starter culture. Three groups of eight 8- to 10-wk-old, individually housed fattening pigs (Hypor) were fed according to a fixed scheme correlated with age. One control group received a restricted ration of commercial compound feed (Group A). The other control group was provided "nearly ad libitum" access to the same commercial compound feed (Group C). The experimental group received the same amount of commercial compound feed as Group A, but the diet was supplemented with fermented sludge, at an inclusion rate of 19 to 28% of the total ration (DM basis). The pigs fed the sludge-containing diet and those receiving the compound pig feed "nearly ad libitum" showed comparable growth results. It was concluded that the net energy (NEpig) level of .68 g DM of sludge was comparable to the NEpig level of 1 g compound pig feed (88% DM). A decrease in colony counts of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal tract of the pigs, was regarded as positive, as it might lower the risk of disturbance of the gut flora by enteropathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. No adverse effects on health and performance were observed as a result of the feeding of pasteurized and subsequently fermented flocculated poultry sludge to fattening pigs. It is concluded that this sludge can serve as a valuable feed constituent as long as it is processed properly.